Resource allocation for NOMA wireless systems

Power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been widely recognized as a promising candidate for the next generation of wireless communication systems. By applying superposition coding at the transmitter and successive interference cancellation at the receiver, NOMA allows multiple users to access the same time-frequency resource in power domain. This way, NOMA not only increases the system’s spectral and energy efficiencies, but also supports more users when compared with the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA). Meanwhile, improved user fairness can be achieved by NOMA. Nonetheless, the promised advantages of NOMA cannot be realized without proper resource allocation. The main resources in wireless communication systems include time, frequency, space, code and power. In NOMA systems, multiple users are accommodated in each time/frequency/code resource block (RB), forming a NOMA cluster. As a result, how to group the users into NOMA clusters and allocate the power is of significance. A large number of studies have been carried out for developing efficient power allocation (PA) algorithms in single-input single-output (SISO) scenarios with fixed user clustering. To fully reap the gain of NOMA, the design of joint PA and user clustering is required. Moreover, the study of PA under multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems still remains at an incipient stage. In this dissertation, we develop novel algorithms to allocate resource for both SISO-NOMA and MIMO-NOMA systems. More specifically, Chapter 2 compares the system capacity of MIMO-NOMA with MIMO-OMA. It is proved analytically that MIMO-NOMA outperforms MIMO-OMA in terms of both sum channel capacity and ergodic sum capacity when there are multiple users in a cluster. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the more users are admitted to a cluster, the lower is the achieved sum rate, which illustrates the tradeoff between the sum rate and maximum number of admitted users. Chapter 3 addresses the PA problem for a general multi-cluster multi-user MIMONOMA system to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE). First, a closed-form solution is derived for the corresponding sum rate (SE) maximization problem. Then, the EE maximization problem is solved by applying non-convex fractional programming. Chapter 4 investigates the energy-efficient joint user-RB association and PA problem for an uplink hybrid NOMA-OMA system. The considered problem requires to jointly optimize the user clustering, channel assignment and power allocation. To address this hard problem, a many-to-one bipartite graph is first constructed considering the users and RBs as the two sets of nodes. Based on swap matching, a joint user-RB association and power allocation scheme is proposed, which converges within a limited number of iterations. Moreover, for the power allocation under a given user-RB association, a low complexity optimal PA algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, Chapter 5 focuses on securing the confidential information of massive MIMO-NOMA networks by exploiting artificial noise (AN). An uplink training scheme is first proposed, and on this basis, the base station precodes the confidential information and injects the AN. Following this, the ergodic secrecy rate is derived for downlink transmission. Additionally, PA algorithms are proposed to maximize the SE and EE of the system. Finally, conclusions are drawn and possible extensions to resource allocation in NOMA systems are discussed in Chapter 6

Holographic thermalization with a chemical potential in Gauss-Bonnet gravity

Holographic thermalization is studied in the framework of Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We use the two-point correlation function and expectation value of Wilson loop, which are dual to the renormalized geodesic length and minimal area surface in the bulk, to probe the thermalization. The numeric result shows that larger the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient is, shorter the thermalization time is, and larger the charge is, longer the thermalization time is, which implies that the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient can accelerate the thermalization while the charge has an opposite effect. In addition, we obtain the functions with respect to the thermalization time for both the thermalization probes at a fixed charge and Gauss-Bonnet coefficient, and on the basis of these functions, we obtain the thermalization velocity, which shows that the thermalization process is non-monotonic. At the middle and later periods of the thermalization process, we find that there is a phase transition point, which divides the thermalization into an acceleration phase and a deceleration phase. We also study the effect of the charge and Gauss-Bonnet coefficient on the phase transition point.Comment: 23 pages, many figures,footnote 4 is modified. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1305.484

Inflation Taxation and Welfare with Externalities and Leisure

This paper examines how inflation taxation a ects resource allocation and welfare in a neoclassical growth model with leisure, a production externality and money in the utility function. Switching from consumption taxation to inflation taxation to finance government spending reduces real money balances relative to income, but increases consumption, labor, capital and output. The net welfare effect of this switch depends crucially on the strength of the externality and on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution: While it is always negative without the externality, it is likely to be positive with a strong externality and elastic intertemporal substitution.